A threat to database security is the misuses of these databases by the authorized users

A threat to database security is the misuses of these databases by the authorized users, for example selling the personal information to outsiders. Various access control mechanisms have been proposed for protecting individual information in statistical database systems. These mechanisms are specifically designed for statistical databases, making them not applicable to general purpose database systems. In multilevel secure database systems, a type of attacks called inference is identified. An inference occurs when a user uses legitimate data to infer information without directly accessing it. Existing approaches to inference detection focus on analyzing functional dependencies in the database schema. However, it is possible to exploit data level functional dependencies to achieve inferences. For example, although in general the job title does not functionally determine salary (different vice-presidents may earn different salaries), the dependency may hold for lower rank jobs.

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