The art of protecting information by transforming it (encrypting it) into an unreadable format, called cipher text. Only those who possess a secret key can decipher (or decrypt) the message into plain text. Encrypted messages can sometimes be broken by cryptanalysis, also called ...

The Children's Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) was passed by Congress in October 1998, with a requirement that the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) issue and enforce rules concerning children's online privacy. The primary goal of the Act and the Rule is to place parents in control over what information is ...

A cookie is information that a Web site puts on your hard disk so that it can remember something about you at a later time. (More technically, it is information for future use that is stored by the server on the client side of a client/server communication.) Typically, a cookie ...

Ciphertext is encrypted text. plaintext is what you have before encryption, and ciphertext is the encrypted result. The term cipher is sometimes used as a synonym for ciphertext, but it more properly means the method of encryption rather than the result. In cryptography programming you have to be very careful to ...

A cipher is a way to make a word or message secret by changing or rearranging the letters in the message. (A code affects the word, not the individual letters.) One type of cipher, called a TRANSPOSITION CIPHER, is created by simply rearranging the letters in the word itself. For example, ...

Change management is a systematic approach to dealing with change, both from the perspective of an organization and on the individual level. A somewhat ambiguous term, change management has at least three different aspects, including: adapting to change, controlling change, and effecting change. A proactive approach to dealing with change ...

It is a simple encrypted file which is used to verify identity.  An attachment to an electronic message used for security purposes. The most common use of a digital certificate is to verify that a user sending a message is who he or she claims to be, and to provide ...

Buffer overrun attack is a very common attack utilized by hackers.  This type of attack is not new.  This attack utilizes poor coding practices in C and C++ code, with the handling of string functions. The following code is an example of a buffer ...